In earlier phases and activities one or more relevant reference models could have been presented in the engagement. They are used to speed up the process. The Business Analyst or Business Architect are likely to be aware of existing references models like e.g. an Insurance reference model or an mortgage reference model as he/she is assumed to be knowledgeable in this field of expertise. A good example of a reference model is a client best practices model which indicates how the processes have been set up and organised in one of the client's subsidiaries. Other examples may be process models that have been developed and described by Capgemini or a third party.